Penetration and metabolism of topically applied permethrin and cypermethrin in pyrethroid-tolerant Wiseana cervinata larvae

The penetration, excretion, and metabolism of topically applied [¹⁴C]permethrin and [¹⁴C]cypermethrin have been examined in larvae of the porina moth Wiseana cervinata to determine the factors which affect body levels of unchanged pyrethroids. Metabolism was by hydrolysis and to a lesser extent oxidation and the primary metabolites were quickly conjugated to water-soluble products. Little excretion occurred and body levels of unchanged pyrethroids were dependent on the interaction of penetration and metabolism. cis-Cypermethrin was more resistant to metabolism than trans-cypermethrin and cis- and trans-permethrin. trans-Permethrin most readily penetrated into larvae. The body levels of unchanged permethrin were enhanced by pretreatment of larvae with the metabolic inhibitors carbaryl or piperonyl butoxide. Tolerance of the pasture pest porina to the synthetic pyrethroids is discussed in relation to these findings.     

Efficacy of imidocarb diproprionate and primaquine phosphate in the prevention of tick-borne disease in imported hereford heifers in South Korea

Summary This paper describes the build-up of tick-borne blood parasites in a group of Hereford heifers imported from New Zealand to the island of Jeju Do, South Korea. All became infected withTheileria sergenti and half withBabesia bigemina. An attempt was made to contain the 2 parasites by treatment with either primaquine phosphate or imidocarb diproprionate. Both drugs had some prophylactic activity againstT. sergenti for at least 26 days and imidocarb diproprionate eliminatedB. bigemina. SinceT. sergenti infections built up subsequently in the animals it is suggested that repeated prophylaxis combined with regular acaricide treatment of imported cattle is necessary to keep piroplasmosis under control.

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Eficacia Del Dipropionata De Imidocarb Y Del Fostato De Primaquine En La Prevencion De Enfermedades Producidas Por Hematozoarios En Terneras Hereford Importadas, En Corea Del Sur

Resumen El trabajo describe la infectación progresiva con hematozoarios de un grupo de terneras Hereford importadas por Corea del Sur de Nueva Zelandia. Todas se infectaron conTheileria sergenti y la mitad conBabesia bigemina. Los animales se trataron con fosfato de primaquine o con dipropionato de imidocarb. Ambas drogas tuvieron actividad profiláctica contraT. sergenti durante 26 días y el imidocarb eliminóB. bigemina. Debido a que los animales se reinfectaron nuevamente conT. sergenti, se sugiere un régimen profiláctico continuado, combinándolo con baños garrapaticidas en ganado importado para controlar la piroplasmosis.

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Efficacite Du Diproprionate D'imidocarbamide Et Du Phosphate De Primaquine Dans La Prevention De Maladies Transmises Par Les Tiques A Des Genisses Hereford Importees En Coree Du Sud

Résumé Cet article décrit le développement d'affections parasitaires sanguines transmises par les tiques dans un groupe de génisses importées de Nouvelle-Zélande en Corée du Sud. Tous les animaux ont été infectés parTheileria sergenti et la moitié parBabesia bigemina. Un essai a été fait pour contrôler ces deux parasites par des traitements avec du phosphate de primaquine ou du diproprionate d'imidocarbamide. Les deux produits ont eu une certaine activité pendant au moins 26 jours contreT. sergenti et l'imidocarbamide a éliminéBabesia bigemina. Les infections àTheileria sergenti ayant continué, il est suggéré qu'un régime répété de prophylaxie combiné avec un traitement acaricide des animaux importés est nécessire pour lutter efficacement contre les piroplasmoses.

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Seconded by the ODA to the Animal Health Laboratory, Jeju City, Republic of Korea.     

Multiple drug resistance in Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica from cattle and swine.

The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 262 strains of Pasteurella multocida and 141 strains of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from cattle and swine from 1971 to 1974 were analyzed for patterns of resistance to streptomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, using a modified Kirby-Bauer procedure. Resistance was recorded for 80.5% of the isolants of P multocida and 92.2% of those of P haemolytica. Resistance to streptomycin was most frequent, followed by resistance to penicillin and tetracycline. Most cultures of P multocida and P haemolytica were susceptible to chloramphenicol. There were 9 patterns of resistance with the aforementioned antibiotics. The combinations, streptomycin and penicillin and streptomycin and tetracycline, each accounted for approximately 10% of the resistance patterns of P multocida. Approximately half of the 14 isolants of P haemolytica were resistant to the combination of streptomycin, penicillin, and tetracycline. These observations underscore the need for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolants of P multocida and P haemolytica.     

松嫩平原南部羊草草地水分生态环境分析

根据1985～1989年的试验,对松嫩平原南部天然羊草(Aneurolepidium chinense)草地的水分生态环境进行了分析。研究表明:松嫩平原南部羊草草地年水分收支基本相等,但收与支的时间格局不一致,6月明显干旱,7月末地表暂时性积水;土壤含水率在生长季初期(4月)最高,雨季来临前(6月)最低;空气相对湿度在整个生长季中均较低,生长季初期尤为明显;人类对草地的过度利用已对水分生态环境造成严重的不良影响。生长季前期干旱抑制植物同化器官的充分生长和发育,使其不能有效利用雨季的大量降水;空气干旱降低植物的 CO_2同化量,二者都制约草地生产力的提高。本文还从治标和治本两个角度探讨了改善松嫩羊草草地的水分生态环境,提高生产力的途径。     

烟田重要杂草不同生活阶段的发育起点与有效积温研究

研究了烟田重要杂草稗草，两栖蓼，马唐，雀舌草和莎草的萌发生长与出草的起点温度和有效积温，结果表明，从吸胀到露白，萌发与出草阶段稗草，两栖蓼，马唐，雀舌草，莎草的起点温度与有效积温分别为6．05，3．50.1.49,3.65,3.93度与42.34,53.13,125.96,47.69,78.29日度,7.73,8.23,6.78,7.86,7,86,7.86度与46.01,46.96,56．97,39．72,39．07日度，7．49，6．52，6．70，6．83，6．96度与50．18，57．31，77．92，60．20，51．91日度。     

母鹿饲喂益生素效果初报

选取产仔前母鹿 30头在试验组饲料中添加益生素每次 2g/头。结果表明 ,加喂益生素后 ,不仅改善了母鹿胃肠内的菌群 ,增加有益菌的数目 ,增强了母鹿体质 ,而且提高了断乳仔鹿生长的各项指标     

增蛋散对蛋鸡内分泌及消化作用的影响

将768只421日龄海兰白蛋鸡随机均分为2组,分别饲喂添加0和1.5%中药增蛋散的2种饲料,于饲养30、60d时采血和屠宰,测定血样中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)等的含量及饲料中粗蛋白和钙的消化率,探讨该散剂促产蛋的作用机制.结果显示,当日粮中添加增蛋散饲喂30、60 d时,蛋鸡血清中FSH、LH、T3、T4、E2、P4、PTH的含量,下丘脑和腺垂体中cAMP含量及饲料中粗蛋白和钙的消化率均有显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).本试验结果为该散剂提高产蛋后期鸡的产蛋率,推迟其淘汰期的药理作用提供了实验依据.     

实验性鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎的发病机制--血清肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6和类风湿因子的动态变化

8周龄健康肉鸡 6 0只随机分成 2组 ;其中试验组 4 5只 ,对照组 15只。试验组每只鸡经关节腔注射鸡源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌 2 .5× 10 9CFU,复制鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎的病理模型 ,研究血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL- 6 )、类风湿因子 (RF)的动态变化。结果表明 :接种后鸡血清中 RF水平自第 1天开始明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,第 2 8天达到峰值 5 .5。血清中 TNF-α的含量与对照组相比 ,在接种后第 3、5天差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,第 14天差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;血清中 IL- 6的含量在第 2周上升的幅度最大 ,随后持续至少 3周 ,第 14天开始该因子水平显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。 3种细胞因子的含量均与关节炎的发展程度成正相关。